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歐盟擬修訂ELV法規(guī)，對于鋁合金，銅合金和某些電池中的鉛的豁免條款進行更新。
2022年6月21日，歐盟委員會向WTO的TBT委員會提交G/TBT/N/EU/901通知，擬對歐盟ELV指令（End-of Life Vehicles, Directive 2000/53/EC）的附件II（豁免清單）中用于加工用途的鋁合金，銅合金和某些電池中的鉛的豁免條款進行更新。
原ELV法規(guī)的附件將會被完全取代，預計的新的豁免清單如下表：
材料及部件 | 豁免范圍及期限 | 基于ELV指令4(2)章, (b)(iv)點需要加貼標簽或標識 |
Lead as an alloying element | 鉛作為合金元素 | ||
1(a). Steel for machining purposes and batch hot dip galvanised steel components containing up to 0,35 % lead by weight 含鉛0.35%的機械加工用鋼材或熱浸漬鍍鋅鋼 | ||
1(b). Continuously galvanised steel sheet containing up to 0,35 % lead by weight 含鉛0.35 %的連續(xù)鍍鋅鋼板 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | |
2(a). Aluminium for machining purposes with a lead content up to 2 % by weigh 含鉛2 %的機械加工的鋁 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2005 作為2005年7月1日之前上市的汽車的零配件 | |
2(b). Aluminium with a lead content up to1,5 % by weight 含鉛1.5%的鋁 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2008 作為2008年7月1日之前上市的汽車的零配件 | |
2(c)(i).Aluminium alloys for machining purposes with a lead content up to 0,4 % by weight 含鉛0.4%的機械加工用鋁合金 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2028 and spare parts for these vehicles 2028年1月1日前批準的汽車類型及相關零配件 | |
2(c)(ii). Aluminium alloys not included in entry 2(c)(i) with a lead content up to 0,4 % by weight 不在2(c)(i)范圍內(nèi)含鉛0.4%的鋁合金（2） 備注： | （1） | |
3. Copper alloys containing up to 4 % lead by weight 含鉛4%的銅合金 | (3) | |
4(a). Bearing shells and bushes 軸承外殼和襯套 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July2008 作為2008年7月1日之前上市的汽車的零配件 | |
4(b). Bearing shells and bushes in engines, transmissions and air conditioning compressors 發(fā)動機、變速箱和空調(diào)壓縮機中的軸承外殼和襯套 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2011 2011年7月1日之前上市的汽車的零配件 | |
Lead and lead compounds in components | 部件中的鉛和鉛的化合物 | ||
5(a). Lead in batteries in high-voltage systems (4) that are used only for propulsion in M1 and N1 vehicles M1和N1汽車僅用于高電壓系統(tǒng)推動力的電池中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2019 and spare parts for these vehicles 2019年1月1日批準的汽車類別及該類汽車的零配件 | x |
5(b)(i). Lead in batteries used in 12 V applications 用于12V的電池中的鉛 | Vehicles and spare parts for these vehicles (3) 這類型汽車及其零配件 | x |
5(b)(ii). Lead in batteries for battery applications not included in entry 5(a) and entry 5(b)(i) 5(a)和5(b)(i)不包含的電池中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2024 and spare parts for these vehicles 2024年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | x |
6. Vibration dampers 減震器 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | x |
7(a). Vulcanising agents and stabilisers for elastomers in brake hoses, fuel hoses, air ventilation hoses, elastomer/metal parts in the chassis applications, and engine mountings 用于底盤和引擎支撐中的彈性/金屬部件，剎車軟管、燃料軟管、通風軟管的彈性材料中的硫化劑和穩(wěn)定劑 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2005 2005年7月1日批準的汽車的零配件 | |
7(b). Vulcanising agents and stabilisers for elastomers in brake hoses, fuel hoses, air ventilation hoses, elastomer/metal parts in the chassis applications, and engine mountings containing up to 0,5 % lead by weight 含鉛0.5%用于底盤和引擎支撐中的彈性/金屬部件，剎車軟管、燃料軟管、通風軟管的彈性材料中的硫化劑和穩(wěn)定劑 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2006 2006年7月1日批準的汽車的零配件 | |
7(c). Bonding agents for elastomers in powertrain applications containing up to 0,5 % lead by weight 含鉛0.5%的用于傳動系統(tǒng)彈性體材料的粘合劑 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2009 2009年7月1日批準的汽車的零配件 | |
8(a). Lead in solders to attach electrical and electronic components to electronic circuit boards and lead in finishes on terminations of components other than electrolyte aluminium capacitors, on component pins and on electronic circuit boards 在管腳及電子線路板上用于連接電子電氣設備和電子線路板的含鉛焊料及用于部件表面含鉛拋光劑（除了鋁電解質(zhì)電容器） | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月1日批準的汽車類別及該類汽車的零配件 | X(5) |
8(b). Lead in solders in electrical applications other than soldering on electronic circuit boards or on glass 用于電氣設備的含鉛焊料（除電子線路板或玻璃配件的焊料） | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2011 and spare parts for these vehicles 2011年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | X(5) |
8(c). Lead in finishes on terminals of electrolyte aluminium capacitors 用于鋁電解質(zhì)電容器表面的含鉛拋光劑 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2013 and spare parts for these vehicles 2013年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | X(5) |
8(d). Lead used in soldering on glass in mass airflow sensors 用于焊接在大規(guī)模氣流傳感器中的玻璃配件的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2015 and spare parts of these vehicles 2015年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | X(5) |
8(e). Lead in high melting temperature type solders (i.e. lead-based alloys containing 85 % by weight or more lead) 含鉛高熔點焊料（鉛含量大于等于85%） | (1) | x |
8(f)(i). Lead in compliant pin connector systems 順應針連接器系統(tǒng)中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2017 and spare parts for these vehicles 2017年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | X(5) |
8(f)(ii). Lead in compliant pin connector systems other than the mating area of vehicle harness connectors 車輛線束連接器除外的順應針連接器中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2024 and spare parts for these vehicles 2024年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | x |
8(g)(i). Lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between semiconductor die and carrier within integrated circuit flip chip packages 集成電路倒裝芯片封裝中，用于完成半導體模具和載體之間可視的電氣連接的焊料中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 October 2022 and spare parts for these vehicles 2022年10月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | x |
8(g)(ii). Lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between the semiconductor die and the carrier within integrated circuit flip chip packages where that electrical connection consists of any of the following: (1) a semiconductor technology node of 90 nm or larger; (2) a single die of 300 mm2 or larger in any semiconductor technology node; (3) stacked die packages with dies of 300 mm2 or larger, or silicon interposers of 300mm2 or larger. 集成電路倒裝芯片封裝中，用于完成半導體模具和載體之間可視的電氣連接的焊料中的鉛，且電氣連接包含如下情況： (1) 90納米及以上的半導體技術節(jié)點; (2)在任何半導體技術節(jié)點中使用300毫米?或更大的單個晶片; (3) 300mm2以上模具或300mm2以上硅插片的堆疊模 | (1) | x |
8(h). Lead in solder to attach heat spreaders to the heat sink in power semiconductor assemblies with a chip size of at least 1 cm2 of projection area and a nominal current density of at least 1 A/mm2 of silicon chip area 用來把熱分離器焊接到零件尺寸至少為25px2面積和額定電流密度至少為1 A/mm2的硅芯片面積的電力半導體組件的散熱板上的焊料中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月1日批準的汽車類別及該類汽車的零配件 | X(5) |
8(i). Lead in solders in electrical glazing applications on glass except for soldering in laminated glazing 應用于玻璃上的電器上釉（除焊接薄板的上釉） | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | X(5) |
8(j). Lead in solders for soldering of laminated glazing 焊接薄板的上釉的焊料中的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2020 and spare parts for these vehicles 2020年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | X(5) |
8(k). Soldering of heating applications with 0,5A or more of heat current per related solder joint to single panes of laminated glazings not exceeding wall thickness of 2,1 mm. This exemption does not cover soldering to contacts embedded in the intermediate polymer. 每個相關焊點的熱流為0.5 A或以上的加熱設備，可焊接到壁厚不超過2.1毫米的單層層壓玻璃上。此豁免不包括焊接嵌入中間聚合物的觸點。 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2024 and spare parts for these vehicles 2024年1月1日批準的汽車類別及該類汽車的零配件 | X(5) |
9. Valve seats 閥門座 | As spare parts for engine types developed before 1 July 2003 2003年7月1日前研制的發(fā)動機型號的備件 | |
10(a). Electrical and electronic components, which contain lead in a glass or ceramic, in a glass or ceramic matrix compound, in a glass ceramic material, or in a glass-ceramic matrix compound. This exemption does not cover the use of lead in: (i) glass in bulbs and glaze of spark plugs, (ii) dielectric ceramic materials of components listed under 10(b), 10(c) and 10(d). 由含鉛的玻璃材料、陶瓷材料或玻璃陶瓷基復合材料或微晶玻璃材料或微晶玻璃基符合材料所制成的電子電氣設備。這個豁免不包括以下：（i）燈泡的玻璃和火花塞的釉面，（ii）以下10(b)，10(c)和10(d)所列的介電陶瓷材料 | X(6) (for components other than piezo in engines)用于發(fā)動機中壓電以外的部件 | |
10(b). Lead in PZT based dielectric ceramic materials of capacitors being part of integrated circuits or discrete semiconductors 集成電路或離散半導體中的電容器，其基于電解質(zhì)陶瓷材料的壓電陶瓷所含的鉛 | ||
10(c). Lead in dielectric ceramic materials of capacitors with a rated voltage of less than 125 V AC or 250 V DC 額定電壓不足125V（交流）或250V（直流）的電容器，其電介質(zhì)陶瓷材料所含的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2016 and spare parts for these vehicles 2016年1月1日批準的汽車類別及該類汽車的零配件 | |
10(d). Lead in the dielectric ceramic materials of capacitors compensating the temperature-related deviations of sensors in ultrasonic sonar systems 平衡超聲波聲納系統(tǒng)中的溫度差異傳感器的電容器，其電介質(zhì)陶瓷材料所含的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2017 and spare parts for these vehicles 2017年1月1日批準的汽車類別及該類汽車的零配件 | |
11. Pyrotechnic initiators 點火裝置 | Vehicles type approved before 1 July 2006 and spare parts for these vehicles 2006年7月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | |
12. Lead-containing thermoelectric materials in automotive electrical applications to reduce CO2 emissions by recuperation of exhaust heat 為降低二氧化碳排放，在用余熱回收的汽車熱電材料中添加的鉛 | Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2019 and spare parts for these vehicles 2019年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | x |
Hexavalent chromium | 六價鉻 | ||
13(a). Corrosion preventive coatings 防腐涂層 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2007 2007年7月1日前投放市場的汽車的零部件 | |
13(b). Corrosion preventive coatings related to bolt and nut assemblies for chassis applications 底盤的螺母和螺釘?shù)姆栏繉?/span> | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 1 July 2008 2008年7月1日前投放市場的汽車的零部件 | |
14. Hexavalent chromium as an anti-corrosion agent of the carbon steel cooling system in absorption refrigerators up to 0,75 % by weight in the cooling solution: (a) designed to operate fully or partly with electrical heater, having an average utilised electrical power input < 75W at constant running conditions; (b) designed to operate fully or partly with electrical heater, having an average utilised electrical power input ≥ 75W at constant running conditions; (c) designed to fully operate with nonelectrical heater. 六價鉻作為碳素鋼冷卻系統(tǒng)的防銹劑，在吸收式電冰箱的冷卻溶液中重量可達0,75%: (a)設計完全或部分使用電加熱器運行，在恒定運行條件下平均使用電力輸入< 75W; (b)設計完全或部分使用電加熱器運行，在恒定運行條件下平均使用電力輸入≥75W; (c)設計完全使用非電加熱器。 | For (i): Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2020 and spare parts for these vehicles For (ii): Vehicles type approved before 1 January 2026 and spare parts for these vehicles
對于(i)，2020年1月1日批準的汽車類別及該類汽車的零配件；
對于(ii)，2026年1月1日批準的汽車類別及該類汽車的零配件； | x |
Mercury | 汞 | ||
15(a). Discharge lamps for headlight application 用于汽車前燈的放電燈 | Vehicles type approved before 1 July 2012 and spare parts for these vehicles 2012年1月1日批準的汽車類別及該類汽車的零配件 | x |
15(b). Fluorescent tubes used in instrument panel displays 用于儀表盤的熒光管 | Vehicles type approved before 1 July 2012 and spare parts for these vehicles 2012年1月1日批準的汽車類別及相應的零配件 | x |
Cadmium | 鎘 | ||
16. Batteries for electrical vehicles 電動汽車電池 | As spare parts for vehicles put on the market before 31 December 2008 2008年12月31日前投入市場的汽車的零部件 | |
Notes to the table | 表中的備注:
1. This exemption shall be reviewed in 2024 | 這項豁免將于2024年再次審核。
2. Applies to aluminium alloys where lead is not intentionally introduced, but is present due to the use of recycled aluminium. | 適用于非故意添加鉛，但由于鋁的循環(huán)使用導致含鉛的鋁合金。
3. This exemption shall be reviewed in 2025. | 這項豁免將于2025年再次審核。
4. Systems that have a voltage of > 75 V DC as provided for in Article 1 of Directive 2014/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits. | 根據(jù)2014年2月26日歐洲議會和理事會的指令2014/35/EU的第1條規(guī)定，具有> 75 V DC電壓的系統(tǒng)（稱為高電壓系統(tǒng)）。該指令是關于協(xié)調(diào)成員國在市場上提供設計用于特定電壓范圍內(nèi)使用的電氣設備的法律。
5. Dismantling if, in correlation with entry 10(a), an average threshold of 60 grams per vehicle is exceeded. For the purposes of this note electronic devices not installed by the manufacturer on the production line shall not be taken into account. | 在第10(a)段，如果超過每輛車60克的平均臨界值，則廢除。就本說明而言，制造商未在生產(chǎn)線上安裝的電子設備不應被考慮在內(nèi)。
6. Dismantling if, in correlation with entries 8(a) to 8(j), an average threshold of 60 grams per vehicle is exceeded. For the purposes of this note electronic devices not installed by the manufacturer on the production line shall not be taken into account. | 就第8(a)至8( j )項而言，如超過每輛車60克的平均臨界值，則廢除。就本說明而言，制造商未在生產(chǎn)線上安裝的電子設備不應被考慮在內(nèi)。
關于ELV
ELV（End-of-Life Vehicle）即報廢車輛指令。ELV為歐盟委員會和歐洲議會為保護環(huán)境，減少車輛報廢產(chǎn)生的廢棄物，制定的報廢車輛回收指令。
一方面，自2003年7月以后生產(chǎn)的汽車禁用鉛、鎘、汞和六價鉻四種有害物：
· 同材質(zhì)物料所含的鉛、汞、六價鉻，最高濃度不得超過重量的0.1%（1000ppm）；
· 同材質(zhì)物料所含的鎘，最高濃度不得超過重量的0.01%（100ppm）；
· 不同材質(zhì)、不同顏色和相同材質(zhì)不同顏色都必須分別滿足以上要求。
另一方面為提高報廢汽車回收利用率，回收費用成本的全部或大部分由制造廠承擔。制定了多項回收指標，如：
· 2006年1月1日起，每年每一輛報廢汽車其平均重量至少有85%能夠被再利用，其中，材料回收率至少為80%；
· 2015年1月1日起，這兩項指標將分別提升至95%和85%。
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